forms.py 16 KB

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  1. """
  2. Form classes
  3. """
  4. import copy
  5. import datetime
  6. from django.core.exceptions import NON_FIELD_ERRORS, ValidationError
  7. from django.forms.fields import Field, FileField
  8. from django.forms.utils import ErrorDict, ErrorList, RenderableFormMixin
  9. from django.forms.widgets import Media, MediaDefiningClass
  10. from django.utils.datastructures import MultiValueDict
  11. from django.utils.functional import cached_property
  12. from django.utils.translation import gettext as _
  13. from .renderers import get_default_renderer
  14. __all__ = ("BaseForm", "Form")
  15. class DeclarativeFieldsMetaclass(MediaDefiningClass):
  16. """Collect Fields declared on the base classes."""
  17. def __new__(mcs, name, bases, attrs):
  18. # Collect fields from current class and remove them from attrs.
  19. attrs["declared_fields"] = {
  20. key: attrs.pop(key)
  21. for key, value in list(attrs.items())
  22. if isinstance(value, Field)
  23. }
  24. new_class = super().__new__(mcs, name, bases, attrs)
  25. # Walk through the MRO.
  26. declared_fields = {}
  27. for base in reversed(new_class.__mro__):
  28. # Collect fields from base class.
  29. if hasattr(base, "declared_fields"):
  30. declared_fields.update(base.declared_fields)
  31. # Field shadowing.
  32. for attr, value in base.__dict__.items():
  33. if value is None and attr in declared_fields:
  34. declared_fields.pop(attr)
  35. new_class.base_fields = declared_fields
  36. new_class.declared_fields = declared_fields
  37. return new_class
  38. class BaseForm(RenderableFormMixin):
  39. """
  40. The main implementation of all the Form logic. Note that this class is
  41. different than Form. See the comments by the Form class for more info. Any
  42. improvements to the form API should be made to this class, not to the Form
  43. class.
  44. """
  45. default_renderer = None
  46. field_order = None
  47. prefix = None
  48. use_required_attribute = True
  49. template_name_div = "django/forms/div.html"
  50. template_name_p = "django/forms/p.html"
  51. template_name_table = "django/forms/table.html"
  52. template_name_ul = "django/forms/ul.html"
  53. template_name_label = "django/forms/label.html"
  54. def __init__(
  55. self,
  56. data=None,
  57. files=None,
  58. auto_id="id_%s",
  59. prefix=None,
  60. initial=None,
  61. error_class=ErrorList,
  62. label_suffix=None,
  63. empty_permitted=False,
  64. field_order=None,
  65. use_required_attribute=None,
  66. renderer=None,
  67. ):
  68. self.is_bound = data is not None or files is not None
  69. self.data = MultiValueDict() if data is None else data
  70. self.files = MultiValueDict() if files is None else files
  71. self.auto_id = auto_id
  72. if prefix is not None:
  73. self.prefix = prefix
  74. self.initial = initial or {}
  75. self.error_class = error_class
  76. # Translators: This is the default suffix added to form field labels
  77. self.label_suffix = label_suffix if label_suffix is not None else _(":")
  78. self.empty_permitted = empty_permitted
  79. self._errors = None # Stores the errors after clean() has been called.
  80. # The base_fields class attribute is the *class-wide* definition of
  81. # fields. Because a particular *instance* of the class might want to
  82. # alter self.fields, we create self.fields here by copying base_fields.
  83. # Instances should always modify self.fields; they should not modify
  84. # self.base_fields.
  85. self.fields = copy.deepcopy(self.base_fields)
  86. self._bound_fields_cache = {}
  87. self.order_fields(self.field_order if field_order is None else field_order)
  88. if use_required_attribute is not None:
  89. self.use_required_attribute = use_required_attribute
  90. if self.empty_permitted and self.use_required_attribute:
  91. raise ValueError(
  92. "The empty_permitted and use_required_attribute arguments may "
  93. "not both be True."
  94. )
  95. # Initialize form renderer. Use a global default if not specified
  96. # either as an argument or as self.default_renderer.
  97. if renderer is None:
  98. if self.default_renderer is None:
  99. renderer = get_default_renderer()
  100. else:
  101. renderer = self.default_renderer
  102. if isinstance(self.default_renderer, type):
  103. renderer = renderer()
  104. self.renderer = renderer
  105. def order_fields(self, field_order):
  106. """
  107. Rearrange the fields according to field_order.
  108. field_order is a list of field names specifying the order. Append fields
  109. not included in the list in the default order for backward compatibility
  110. with subclasses not overriding field_order. If field_order is None,
  111. keep all fields in the order defined in the class. Ignore unknown
  112. fields in field_order to allow disabling fields in form subclasses
  113. without redefining ordering.
  114. """
  115. if field_order is None:
  116. return
  117. fields = {}
  118. for key in field_order:
  119. try:
  120. fields[key] = self.fields.pop(key)
  121. except KeyError: # ignore unknown fields
  122. pass
  123. fields.update(self.fields) # add remaining fields in original order
  124. self.fields = fields
  125. def __repr__(self):
  126. if self._errors is None:
  127. is_valid = "Unknown"
  128. else:
  129. is_valid = self.is_bound and not self._errors
  130. return "<%(cls)s bound=%(bound)s, valid=%(valid)s, fields=(%(fields)s)>" % {
  131. "cls": self.__class__.__name__,
  132. "bound": self.is_bound,
  133. "valid": is_valid,
  134. "fields": ";".join(self.fields),
  135. }
  136. def _bound_items(self):
  137. """Yield (name, bf) pairs, where bf is a BoundField object."""
  138. for name in self.fields:
  139. yield name, self[name]
  140. def __iter__(self):
  141. """Yield the form's fields as BoundField objects."""
  142. for name in self.fields:
  143. yield self[name]
  144. def __getitem__(self, name):
  145. """Return a BoundField with the given name."""
  146. try:
  147. field = self.fields[name]
  148. except KeyError:
  149. raise KeyError(
  150. "Key '%s' not found in '%s'. Choices are: %s."
  151. % (
  152. name,
  153. self.__class__.__name__,
  154. ", ".join(sorted(self.fields)),
  155. )
  156. )
  157. if name not in self._bound_fields_cache:
  158. self._bound_fields_cache[name] = field.get_bound_field(self, name)
  159. return self._bound_fields_cache[name]
  160. @property
  161. def errors(self):
  162. """Return an ErrorDict for the data provided for the form."""
  163. if self._errors is None:
  164. self.full_clean()
  165. return self._errors
  166. def is_valid(self):
  167. """Return True if the form has no errors, or False otherwise."""
  168. return self.is_bound and not self.errors
  169. def add_prefix(self, field_name):
  170. """
  171. Return the field name with a prefix appended, if this Form has a
  172. prefix set.
  173. Subclasses may wish to override.
  174. """
  175. return "%s-%s" % (self.prefix, field_name) if self.prefix else field_name
  176. def add_initial_prefix(self, field_name):
  177. """Add an 'initial' prefix for checking dynamic initial values."""
  178. return "initial-%s" % self.add_prefix(field_name)
  179. def _widget_data_value(self, widget, html_name):
  180. # value_from_datadict() gets the data from the data dictionaries.
  181. # Each widget type knows how to retrieve its own data, because some
  182. # widgets split data over several HTML fields.
  183. return widget.value_from_datadict(self.data, self.files, html_name)
  184. @property
  185. def template_name(self):
  186. return self.renderer.form_template_name
  187. def get_context(self):
  188. fields = []
  189. hidden_fields = []
  190. top_errors = self.non_field_errors().copy()
  191. for name, bf in self._bound_items():
  192. bf_errors = self.error_class(bf.errors, renderer=self.renderer)
  193. if bf.is_hidden:
  194. if bf_errors:
  195. top_errors += [
  196. _("(Hidden field %(name)s) %(error)s")
  197. % {"name": name, "error": str(e)}
  198. for e in bf_errors
  199. ]
  200. hidden_fields.append(bf)
  201. else:
  202. errors_str = str(bf_errors)
  203. fields.append((bf, errors_str))
  204. return {
  205. "form": self,
  206. "fields": fields,
  207. "hidden_fields": hidden_fields,
  208. "errors": top_errors,
  209. }
  210. def non_field_errors(self):
  211. """
  212. Return an ErrorList of errors that aren't associated with a particular
  213. field -- i.e., from Form.clean(). Return an empty ErrorList if there
  214. are none.
  215. """
  216. return self.errors.get(
  217. NON_FIELD_ERRORS,
  218. self.error_class(error_class="nonfield", renderer=self.renderer),
  219. )
  220. def add_error(self, field, error):
  221. """
  222. Update the content of `self._errors`.
  223. The `field` argument is the name of the field to which the errors
  224. should be added. If it's None, treat the errors as NON_FIELD_ERRORS.
  225. The `error` argument can be a single error, a list of errors, or a
  226. dictionary that maps field names to lists of errors. An "error" can be
  227. either a simple string or an instance of ValidationError with its
  228. message attribute set and a "list or dictionary" can be an actual
  229. `list` or `dict` or an instance of ValidationError with its
  230. `error_list` or `error_dict` attribute set.
  231. If `error` is a dictionary, the `field` argument *must* be None and
  232. errors will be added to the fields that correspond to the keys of the
  233. dictionary.
  234. """
  235. if not isinstance(error, ValidationError):
  236. # Normalize to ValidationError and let its constructor
  237. # do the hard work of making sense of the input.
  238. error = ValidationError(error)
  239. if hasattr(error, "error_dict"):
  240. if field is not None:
  241. raise TypeError(
  242. "The argument `field` must be `None` when the `error` "
  243. "argument contains errors for multiple fields."
  244. )
  245. else:
  246. error = error.error_dict
  247. else:
  248. error = {field or NON_FIELD_ERRORS: error.error_list}
  249. for field, error_list in error.items():
  250. if field not in self.errors:
  251. if field != NON_FIELD_ERRORS and field not in self.fields:
  252. raise ValueError(
  253. "'%s' has no field named '%s'."
  254. % (self.__class__.__name__, field)
  255. )
  256. if field == NON_FIELD_ERRORS:
  257. self._errors[field] = self.error_class(
  258. error_class="nonfield", renderer=self.renderer
  259. )
  260. else:
  261. self._errors[field] = self.error_class(renderer=self.renderer)
  262. self._errors[field].extend(error_list)
  263. if field in self.cleaned_data:
  264. del self.cleaned_data[field]
  265. def has_error(self, field, code=None):
  266. return field in self.errors and (
  267. code is None
  268. or any(error.code == code for error in self.errors.as_data()[field])
  269. )
  270. def full_clean(self):
  271. """
  272. Clean all of self.data and populate self._errors and self.cleaned_data.
  273. """
  274. self._errors = ErrorDict()
  275. if not self.is_bound: # Stop further processing.
  276. return
  277. self.cleaned_data = {}
  278. # If the form is permitted to be empty, and none of the form data has
  279. # changed from the initial data, short circuit any validation.
  280. if self.empty_permitted and not self.has_changed():
  281. return
  282. self._clean_fields()
  283. self._clean_form()
  284. self._post_clean()
  285. def _clean_fields(self):
  286. for name, bf in self._bound_items():
  287. field = bf.field
  288. value = bf.initial if field.disabled else bf.data
  289. try:
  290. if isinstance(field, FileField):
  291. value = field.clean(value, bf.initial)
  292. else:
  293. value = field.clean(value)
  294. self.cleaned_data[name] = value
  295. if hasattr(self, "clean_%s" % name):
  296. value = getattr(self, "clean_%s" % name)()
  297. self.cleaned_data[name] = value
  298. except ValidationError as e:
  299. self.add_error(name, e)
  300. def _clean_form(self):
  301. try:
  302. cleaned_data = self.clean()
  303. except ValidationError as e:
  304. self.add_error(None, e)
  305. else:
  306. if cleaned_data is not None:
  307. self.cleaned_data = cleaned_data
  308. def _post_clean(self):
  309. """
  310. An internal hook for performing additional cleaning after form cleaning
  311. is complete. Used for model validation in model forms.
  312. """
  313. pass
  314. def clean(self):
  315. """
  316. Hook for doing any extra form-wide cleaning after Field.clean() has been
  317. called on every field. Any ValidationError raised by this method will
  318. not be associated with a particular field; it will have a special-case
  319. association with the field named '__all__'.
  320. """
  321. return self.cleaned_data
  322. def has_changed(self):
  323. """Return True if data differs from initial."""
  324. return bool(self.changed_data)
  325. @cached_property
  326. def changed_data(self):
  327. return [name for name, bf in self._bound_items() if bf._has_changed()]
  328. @property
  329. def media(self):
  330. """Return all media required to render the widgets on this form."""
  331. media = Media()
  332. for field in self.fields.values():
  333. media += field.widget.media
  334. return media
  335. def is_multipart(self):
  336. """
  337. Return True if the form needs to be multipart-encoded, i.e. it has
  338. FileInput, or False otherwise.
  339. """
  340. return any(field.widget.needs_multipart_form for field in self.fields.values())
  341. def hidden_fields(self):
  342. """
  343. Return a list of all the BoundField objects that are hidden fields.
  344. Useful for manual form layout in templates.
  345. """
  346. return [field for field in self if field.is_hidden]
  347. def visible_fields(self):
  348. """
  349. Return a list of BoundField objects that aren't hidden fields.
  350. The opposite of the hidden_fields() method.
  351. """
  352. return [field for field in self if not field.is_hidden]
  353. def get_initial_for_field(self, field, field_name):
  354. """
  355. Return initial data for field on form. Use initial data from the form
  356. or the field, in that order. Evaluate callable values.
  357. """
  358. value = self.initial.get(field_name, field.initial)
  359. if callable(value):
  360. value = value()
  361. # If this is an auto-generated default date, nix the microseconds
  362. # for standardized handling. See #22502.
  363. if (
  364. isinstance(value, (datetime.datetime, datetime.time))
  365. and not field.widget.supports_microseconds
  366. ):
  367. value = value.replace(microsecond=0)
  368. return value
  369. class Form(BaseForm, metaclass=DeclarativeFieldsMetaclass):
  370. "A collection of Fields, plus their associated data."
  371. # This is a separate class from BaseForm in order to abstract the way
  372. # self.fields is specified. This class (Form) is the one that does the
  373. # fancy metaclass stuff purely for the semantic sugar -- it allows one
  374. # to define a form using declarative syntax.
  375. # BaseForm itself has no way of designating self.fields.